36^th Global Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology November 18-19, 2019 Rome, Italy

Ceramic engineering is the science and technology of creating objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials. This is done either by the action of heat, or at lower temperatures using precipitation reactions from high-purity chemical solutions. The word Ceramics covers inorganic, non metallic, solid materials that have been hardened by baking at a high temperature. The most important of these were the traditional clays, made into pottery, dinnerware, bricks, and tiles. Ceramics have high hardness, high compressive strength, and chemical inertness.

The ability of a nation to harness nature as well as its ability to cope up with the challenges posed by it is determined by its complete knowledge of materials and its ability to develop and produce them for various applications. Advanced Materials are at the heart of many technological developments that touch our lives. Electronic materials for communication and information technology, optical fibers, laser fibers sensors for the intelligent environment, energy materials for renewable energy and environment, light alloys for better transportation, materials for strategic applications and more. Advanced materials have a wider role to play in the upcoming future years because of its multiple uses and can be of a greater help for whole humanity. The global market for conformal coating on the electronics market the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7% from 2015 to 2020. The global market for polyurethanes has been growing at a CAGR (2016-2021) of 6.9%, driven by various application industries, such as automotive; bedding and furniture; building and construction; packaging; electronics and footwear. In 2015, Asia-Pacific dominated the global polyurethanes market, followed by Europe and North America. BASF, Bayer, Dow Chemical, Mitsui Chemicals, Nippon Polyurethanes, Trelleborg, Woodbridge are some of the major manufacturers of polyurethanes across regions.

The latest application of Nanotechnology for surgeons are in the area of advancement pf surgical implants using nanomaterial like Imaging, Drug Delivery and the advancement of tissue engineering products. The research has been done in the field of dentistry related to nanotechnology, liposomal Nanoparticles comprises collagenase and this has been tested on rats and found that as compared to the conventional surgery collagenase declining the collagen fibre which makes the teeth to shift easier with braces.

Smart materials, reffered to as additionally intelligent or responsive materials area unit designed materials that have more number of properties which will be considerably modified in a very controlled fashion by external stimuli, like stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electrical or magnetic fields, light, or chemical compounds. Good Materials area unit the premise of the many applications, together with sensors and actuators, or artificial muscles, significantly as electrically activated polymers.

Biomaterials is a field that focuses on augment human tissues or development of materials. Tissue engineering is one of the subsets of biomaterials and which is expanding rapidly for the treatment of a wide range of medical conditions. The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering. It has experienced steady and strong growth over its history, with many companies investing large amounts of money into the development of new products. materials can be derived either from nature or synthesized in the laboratory using a variety of chemical approaches utilizing metallic components, polymers, ceramics or composite materials. They are often used and/or adapted for a medical application, and thus comprises whole or part of a living structure or biomedical device which performs, augments, or replaces a natural function.

Material science has a wider range of applications which includes ceramics, composites and polymer materials. Bonding in ceramics and glasses uses both covalent and ionic-covalent types with SiO2 as a basic building block. Ceramics are as soft as clay or as hard as stone and concrete. Usually, they are crystalline in form. Most glasses contain a metal oxide fused with silica. Applications range from structural elements such as steel-reinforced concrete, to the gorilla glass. Polymers are also an important part of materials science. Polymers are the raw materials which are used to make what we commonly call plastics. Specialty plastics are materials with distinctive characteristics, such as ultra-high strength, electrical conductivity, electro-fluorescence, high thermal stability. Plastics are divided not on the basis of their material but on its properties and applications. The global market for carbon fiber reached $1.8 billion in 2014, and further the market is expected to grow at a five-year CAGR (2015 to 2020) of 11.4%, to reach $3.5 billion in 2020. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic market reached $17.3 billion in 2014, and further the market is expected to grow at a five-year CAGR (2015 to 2020) of 12.3%, to reach $34.2 billion in 2020. The competition in the global carbon fiber and carbon fiber reinforced plastic market is intense within a few large players, such as Toray Toho, Mitsubishi, Hexcel, Formosa, SGL carbon, Cytec, Aksa, Hyosung, Sabic, etc.

Nano Technology is the science deals with the acute very little particles or one dimension sized particles from one to 100 nm said as Nano particles. These particles have the facility to manage individual atoms and molecules. Thanks to the assorted potential applications wide variety of study goes beneath the Nano technology throughout the globe like surface science, chemistry, biology, semiconductor physics, energy storage, tiny fabrication, molecular engineering, etc.

Neuroengineering focuses on the development of artificial devices and novel materials to be functionally and structurally interfaced with the central nervous system (CNS). Today, there is the expectation that materials science and nanotechnology will be able to address these challenges and lead to breakthroughs at the level of the interfaces between artificial transducers/actuators and living cells. Nanoparticles are able to penetrate the BBB of in vitro and in vivo models; and therefore can be used to develop diagnostic tools as well as nano-enabled delivery systems that can bypass the BBB in order to facilitate conventional and novel neurotherapeutic interventions such as drug therapy, gene therapy, and tissue regeneration.

Nanotechnology is the science which deals with the processes that occur at molecular level and of nanolength scale size. The major studies in the nanotechnology include nanosized particles, their function and behaviour with respect to other systems. The tremendous capabilities of nanoparticles have changed the perspective and scope of nanotechnology towards development into an adjuvant field for the remaining fields of life sciences. Nanotechnology is the ability to understand and control materials at the very smallest scales, from around 100 nm to the dimensions of single atoms; At this Nano scale the properties of these nanosized particles are vary from the conventional medicines

The potential impact of global climate change and warming is no doubt one in all the foremost grave challenges that face humanity. Central to the present challenge is our dependence on fossil fuels because the primary supply of energy – the most important contributors of greenhouse gases (GHGs) together with dioxide (CO2) – and therefore the in depth use of non-renewable resources.

It is currently well known that the development and maintenance of the designed atmosphere encompasses a basic role to play during this challenge: inexperienced materials and technologies for brand spanking new and existing buildings may significantly cut back greenhouse gas emissions whereas at the same time rising indoor and outside air quality, financial aid, energy security, and ecological merchandise and services.

The application of nanotech in the medical field is often termed “nanomedicine” and includes the use of nanomaterials, nano-scale biological devices, and nanoelectric biosensors to assist with diagnostics, analytical tools and  treatment therapies, among others.

Since nanotechnology is able to improve prognosis and focuses more on nanoscale interactions within individual cells, nanomedicine can be engineered to help the body to repair or replace lost or damaged tissue rather than to destroy and replace it with nonbiological material

Biosensors and Bio electrical Materials used for the detection of an analytic that mixes a biological part with a chemistry detector. This typically accounts for the foremost valuable a part of the sensor device. But it's doable to come up with a user friendly show that has electrical device and sensitive component.

Nanotechnology is used in many communications, computing and electronic applications, It provides faster, smaller and more portable systems, These systems can manage and store larger and larger amounts of information.

Nano electronics  mean using nanotechnology in electronic  components,  there are many applications such as computing and electronic products include Flash memory chips for iPod nanos , antimicrobial and antibacterial coatings on the  mouse, the keyboard, and the cell phone castings .

The aim of nano electronics is to process, transmit and store information by taking advantages of properties of matter that are distinctly different from macroscopic properties.

The Diligence of Optical Materials is to give a method for correspondence and innovation exchange among scientists who are mindful in materials for potential gadget applications. Plasmonics is the investigation of the collaboration between electromagnetic field and free electrons in a metal.

Nanotechnology, a promising field of research opens up in the present decade a wide array of opportunities in the present decade and is expected to give major impulses to technical innovations in a variety of industrial sectors in the future. The potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous. These include agricultural productivity enhancement involving nanoporous zeolites for slow release and efficient dosage of water and fertilizer, nanocapsules for herbicide delivery and vector and pest management and nanosensors for pest detection. The atom by atom arrangement allows the manipulation of nanoparticles thus influencing their size, shape and orientation for reaction with the targeted tissues. It is now known that many insects possess ferromagnetic materials in the head, thorax and abdomen, which act as geomagnetic sensors.

Nano-forensics is an entirely novel part of the forensic science accompanied with the enlargement of nanosensors, nanotechnical methods for real-time crime scene investigation and terrorist activity inquiries, detecting the presence of explosive gases, biological mediators and filtrates. Forensic Science is an expansive field of subspecialties which use different techniques amended from the natural sciences to acquire criminal or further legitimate evidence. Nanotechnology is beginning to have an influence on the holding of evidence at crime scenes, its examination in the laboratory and its presentation in the court of law. Application of nanotechnology is possible to augment the capability to toxic materials, forensic evidence in tissue, materials and soil. Nano-analysis is generally used in the detection of crimes in nanotechnology which comprises some of the techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering and Raman Microscopy. These techniques assist forensic scientists in two different ways, one is by making it conceivable to analyze nano-scaled trials and the other by making use of the exact effects of nanomaterial to recognize and assemble evidence, which would not have been possible by earlier techniques. Some of the novel approaches that ease the way for forensic scientists are DNA extraction from palm-prints, gun residues, fingerprints, explosives and heavy metals which provide conclusive evidence. 

Materials Chemistry provides the loop between atomic, molecular and supermolecular behavior and the useful properties of a material. It lies at the core of numerous chemical-using industries. This deals with the atomic nuclei of the materials, and how they are arranged to provide molecules, crystals, etc. Much of properties of electrical, magnetic particles and chemical materials evolve from this level of structure. The length scales involved are in angstroms. The way in which the atoms and molecules are bonded and organized is fundamental to studying the properties and behavior of any material. The forecast for R&D growth in the chemical and advanced materials industry indicates the improving global economy and the key markets the industry serves. U.S. R&D splurging in chemicals and advanced materials is forecast to grow by 3.6% to reach $12 billion in 2014. Overall global R&D is forecast to expand at a slightly higher 4.7% rate to $45 billion in 2014.

Nanotechnology is the collaboration of the physics, chemistry, biology, computer and material sciences integrated with engineering entering the nanoscale. This means science and engineering focused on making the particles, things, and devices at the atomic and molecular scale. The Study of the Controlling of Matter on a nuclear and sub-atomic scale. For the most part, Nanotechnology Deals with Structures Sized between 1 to 100 Nanometer in no less than one Dimension and includes creating or adjusting materials or gadgets inside that size.

An electric battery could be a device consisting of single or a lot of chemical science cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices like flashlights, smartphones, and electrical cars. Once electric battery is activity electrical power, its positive terminal is that the cathode and its negative terminal is that the anode. The terminal marked negative is that the supply of electrons that once connected to Associate in external circuit can flow Associate in deliver energy to an external device.

Materials associate degreed energy balances square measure accounting tables that offer info on the fabric input into an economy delivered by the natural surroundings, the transformation and use of that input in economic processes (extraction, conversion, producing, consumption) and its come to the natural surroundings as residuals (wastes).

The accounting ideas concerned square measure based on the primary law of physical science, that states that matter (mass/energy) is neither created nor destroyed by any physical method. Growing energy desires of the country need increased efforts on developing materials and technologies that target energy generation, energy harvest home, energy conversion and energy storage.

Computational Materials Science aims to augment the communication between tentative materials investigation and computational effort on both surviving and fresh progressive materials and their applications. It circulates articles of interest to physicists, chemists and materials researchers and engineers and to other scientists convoluted by means of computational modelling and materials phenomena. Computational methods already play a main part in several materials analyses and will individually become extra persistent as computer control progresses in the decades ahead.  The development and application of methods are engaged to compute the atomic and electronic structure of materials. Computational Materials Science also leveraging novel enlargements in statistics and machine knowledge to understand composite simulations and accelerate the scheme of materials. Finite Element Method (FEM) is the highest useful computational method for materials associated design at structural level. Current presentations include materials for electronic applications, nano-electromechanics and energy. Computational materials science includes computational equipments for resolving materials related problems.

Quantum dots are minor particles or nanocrystals of a semiconducting substances with diameter ranging from 2-10 nanometers. The foremost mechanisms of interaction between quantum dots (QDs) of various types and organic molecules within the framework of the use of photo-physical properties of colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles for recognizing organic and biochemical compounds. The most seeming result of this is fluorescence, in which the nanocrystals can produce different colors determined by the size of the particles. The distinct, quantized energy levels of quantum dots connect them meticulously to particles than bulk materials and have resulted in quantum dots being named 'artificial atoms'. quantum dots can form any color of light from the equal materials merely by changing the dot size. Furthermore, because of the high level of control probable over the size of the nanocrystals formed, quantum dots can be altered during manufacturing to emit any color of light. 

Nanostructured Materials (NSM) are Advanced materials with a microstructure the trademark length size of which is on the request of a couple (commonly 1–10) nanometers. NSM might be in or far from thermodynamic harmony. Nanostructured Materials combined by supramolecular science are cases of Nanostructured Materials in thermodynamic harmony. Nanostructured Materials comprising of nanometer-sized crystallites (e.g. of Au or NaCl) with various crystallographic introductions or potentially synthetic creations are far from thermodynamic harmony.